Grant, P. (2010). Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti-androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Phytotherapy Research, 24(2), 186-188. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2900
Tier 2Randomised controlled trial (n=42)
Drinking spearmint tea twice daily for 30 days reduced free and total testosterone in women with PCOS. Small trial; the reduction in visible hirsutism approached but did not reach significance. Genuine signal for the ingredient, not a treatment claim.
Akdoğan, M., Tamer, M. N., Cüre, E., Cüre, M. C., Köroğlu, B. K., & Delibaş, N. (2007). Effect of spearmint (Mentha spicata Labiatae) teas on androgen levels in women with hirsutism. Phytotherapy Research, 21(5), 444-447. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2074
Tier 2Small clinical study (n=21)
Spearmint tea reduced free testosterone in women with hirsutism over a short intervention. Very small and brief; supports the anti-androgen direction, not a clinical promise.
Hieu, T. H., Dibas, M., Surya Dila, K. A., Sherif, N. A., Hashmi, M. U., Mahmoud, M., Trang, N. T. T., Abdullah, L., Nghia, T. L. B., Y, M. N., Hoang-Trong, T., Tien Huy, N., Karimzadeh, S., Kamel, M. G., & Huy, N. T. (2019). Therapeutic efficacy and safety of chamomile for state anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, and sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and quasi-randomized trials. Phytotherapy Research, 33(6), 1604-1615. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6349
Tier 2Systematic review and meta-analysis
Pooled trials found chamomile improved anxiety and sleep quality. The included studies vary in form and dose; this supports research interest in chamomile for sleep, framed cautiously for a tea.
Ghazizadeh, J., Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Marx, W., Fakhari, A., Hamedeyazdan, S., Torbati, M., Taheri-Tarighi, S., Araj-Khodaei, M., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2021). The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and anxiety in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 35(12), 6690-6705. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7252
Tier 2Systematic review and meta-analysis
Pooled clinical trials found lemon balm improved anxiety and depression scores versus placebo. The strongest evidence is for calm/mood; we extend it to evening wind-down cautiously.